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===== === ====
lxrun FAQ v1.1
===== === ====
by Steve Ginzburg <stevieg@cco.caltech.edu>
with modifications by Ron Record <rr@sco.com>
(last modified: Aug 26, 1997)
Index:
-----
Section 0: The Basics
Q0.0: What is "lxrun"?
Q0.1: That sounds awesome! Tell me very quickly how I can
get started using lxrun!
Q0.2: How does lxrun work?
Q0.3: That's brilliant. Who was the genius who came up with lxrun?
Section 1: Using lxrun
Q1.0: What binary formats does lxrun support?
Q1.1: What does lxrun need in order to work?
Q1.2: How can I run Linux applications that use audio?
Q1.3: What sorts of Linux binaries work well with lxrun?
Section 2: Adding System Calls to lxrun
Q2.0: How complete is lxrun?
Q2.1: What if I find a Linux binary that lxrun doesn't support?
Section 3: Troubleshooting
Q3.0: What does "linuxemul: fatal error: program load failed: No
such file or directory" mean?
Q3.1: What does "progname: can't load library 'some_library_name.so'"
mean?
Q3.2: Why are my Linux binaries unable to find their data files?
Q3.3: What should i do if i find a problem with lxrun ?
=== Section 0: The Basics ===
Q0.0: What is "lxrun"?
A: It is a Linux emulator for SCO OpenServer and UnixWare machines.
Q0.1: That sounds awesome! Tell me very quickly how I can get
started using lxrun!
A: Follow these steps:
0. Unpack lxrun-0.8.6.cpio.gz.
Do this as "root" from the root directory (/).
Issue the commands (assuming you downloaded into /tmp) :
# cd /
# gzcat /tmp/lxrun-0.8.6.cpio.gz | cpio -icdvu
The lxrun distribution should extract into the
etc and usr/local directories.
1. Copy a Linux binary to the /usr/local/linux/bin directory
If you don't have a Linux system at hand, use one of the
mirrors at ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/welcome.html
to download an app off the net.
2. Create a symbolic link to "lxfront" as follows :
# ln -s /usr/local/linux/bin/lxfront /usr/local/bin/<app-name>
where "<app-name>" refers to the name of the Linux binary.
3. Type "/usr/local/bin/<app-name>"
3b. Optionally, set the environment variable LINUX_ROOT to
"/usr/local/linux" and execute your Linux applications
by running "lxrun <app-pathname>" where "<app-pathname>"
refers to the Linux application path (lxfront does this
for you).
Q0.2: How does lxrun work?
A: It works by remapping system calls on the fly. As it turns
out, there's not much difference between Linux and SCO
binaries. The main difference is the way in which system
calls are handled. In Linux, an "int 80" instruction is
used, which jumps to the system-call-handling portion of
the Linux kernel. On SCO systems, "int 80" causes a
SIGSEGV signal. lxrun intercepts these signals and calls
the SCO equivalent of the system call that the Linux
program attempted. The result is that the Linux binary
runs (with the help of lxrun) on the SCO platform with a
small (often negligible) performance penalty. All this is
accomplished without modifying the kernel.
Q0.3: That's brilliant. Who was the genius who came up with lxrun?
A: Michael Davidson, an engineer at SCO.
=== Section 1: Using lxrun ===
Q1.0: What binary formats does lxrun support?
A: lxrun understands Intel Linux a.out and ELF format
binaries.
Q1.1: What does lxrun need in order to work?
A: To run most Linux programs, lxrun requires the help of the
Linux dynamic loader (ld.so) and whatever Linux shared
libraries are required by the program. Follow the steps
in Q0.1 above to set up lxrun.
Q1.2: How can I run Linux applications that use audio?
If you want to run a program that uses audio, get a copy
of the OSS drivers from:
http://www.sco.com/skunkware/audiovis/index.html#4front
for 100% soundblaster compatible cards or:
http://www.4front-tech.com/
for other sound cards.
Q1.3: What sorts of Linux binaries work well with lxrun?
A: X applications seem to work well. Curses programs often
seem to leave the stty settings in strange states. (This
is because the termio ioctls are not handled well by
lxrun. Anybody want to fix this?)
In particular, xdoom and raplayer (RealAudio client) seem
to work well.
=== Section 2: Adding System Calls to lxrun ===
Q2.0: How complete is lxrun?
A: Somewhat complete. Obviously, the more system calls lxrun is
able to translate, the more complete its emulation
capabilities. In this release, lxrun has a _lot_ of
unimplemented system calls, but they are calls that are
not used very often. So lxrun can successfully run _many_
Linux binaries.
Q2.1: What if I find a Linux binary that lxrun doesn't support?
A: Follow these simple steps:
0. Go to http://www.sco.com/skunkware and make
sure you have the most recent version of lxrun. If not,
download the latest one and try it. We are updating
lxrun with new system calls all the time.
1. Recompile lxrun with the TRACE option enabled. (This
requires modifying one line in the Makefile.) This will
cause lxrun to produce a history of all system calls
used by the binary as it was run (similar to the
"truss" and "trace" commands). The trace dump will be
created in a file called "lxrun.log".
2. Try to narrow down exactly which system call failed.
Most likely, the failure will be due to a system call
that has not yet been implemented in lxrun.
3. Implement the system call mapping. This is usually
pretty easy to do. The vast majority of lxrun's code
does mappings of this sort, so you can pick out almost
any source file to see how it is done. Chances are, the
system call you need to remap is already in one of the
lxrun source files, but its code looks something like
this:
int lx_flock() { errno = ENOSYS; return -1; }
This means that you're the first person who has gotten
around to mapping that particular system call.
4. After making your modification, recompile lxrun and
see if it works. You may have to remap more than one
system call to get your binary working!
5. E-Mail your changes to skunkware@sco.com. This way,
we can put your changes into the next release of lxrun.
6. If steps 1-5 seem are beyond your programming
ability, contact skunkware@sco.com and maybe one of the
Skunk team will have time to give you a hand with it.
Make sure to tell us exactly what program you're having
trouble with.
=== Section 3: Troubleshooting ===
Q3.0: What does "linuxemul: fatal error: program load failed: No
such file or directory" mean?
A: It probably means you have your LINUX_ROOT environment
variable set up incorrectly.
Q3.1: What does "progname: can't load library 'some_library_name.so'"
mean?
A: It means you're missing a shared library that is needed to
run a particular binary. You can either try to find a
compiled version of the library from a Linux ftp site
(such as ftp://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/libs/) or if you
have access to a running Linux system, you can copy the
library directly. You should put the library in
$LINUX_ROOT/lib on your SCO system.
Q3.2: Why are my Linux binaries unable to find their data files?
A: To aid in the emulation process, lxrun prepends the contents
of the $LINUX_ROOT variable too many common pathnames. Try
putting your program's data files in $LINUX_ROOT/whatever
instead of /whatever.
Q3.3: What should i do if i find a problem with lxrun ?
A: Please report any difficulty you have with lxrun by e-mailing
skunkware@sco.com. Feel free to include suggestions, comments,
code modifications, extensions, ...
-------